| 21st United States Congress | |||
United States Capitol (1827) |
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| Duration: March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1831 | |||
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| Senate President: | John C. Calhoun | ||
| Senate Pres. pro tem: | Samuel Smith | ||
| House Speaker: | Andrew Stevenson | ||
| Members: | 48 Senators 213 Representatives 3 Non-voting members |
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| Senate Majority: | Jacksonian | ||
| House Majority: | Jacksonian | ||
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| Sessions | |||
| 1st[1]: December 7, 1829 – May 31, 1830 2nd: December 6, 1830 – March 3, 1831 Special (Senate): March 4, 1829 – March 17, 1829 |
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The Twenty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1829 to March 3, 1831, during the first two years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Jacksonian (Anti-J) |
Jacksonian (J) |
Other |
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| End of the previous congress | 21 | 27 | 0 | 48 | 0 |
| Begin | 22 | 26 | 0 | 48 | 0 |
| End | 25 | 47 | 1 | ||
| Final voting share | 46.8% | 53.2% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 21 | 24 | (Nullifier) 2 |
47 | 1 |
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Jacksonian (Anti-J) |
Anti-Masonic (Anti-M) |
Jacksonian (J) |
Other |
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| End of the previous congress | 101 | 0 | 111 | 0 | 212 | 1 |
| Begin | 71 | 4 | 136 | 0 | 211 | 2 |
| End | 72 | 6 | 134 | 212 | 1 | |
| Final voting share | 34.0% | 2.8% | 63.2% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 64 | 16 | 128 | (Nullifier) 4 |
212 | 1 |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| State (class) |
Former senator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgia (3) |
John M. Berrien (J) | Resigned March 9, 1829 after being appointed US Attorney General | John Forsyth (J) | Installed November 9, 1829 |
| North Carolina (2) |
John Branch(J) | Resigned March 9, 1829 after being appointed US Secretary of the Navy | Bedford Brown (J) | Installed December 9, 1829 |
| Tennessee (1) |
John Eaton(J) | Resigned March 9, 1829 after being appointed US Secretary of War | Felix Grundy (J) | Installed October 19, 1829 |
| Delaware (1) |
Louis McLane (J) | Resigned April 29, 1829 | Arnold Naudain (AJ) | Installed January 7, 1830 |
| Mississippi (2) |
Thomas B. Reed(J) | Died November 26, 1829 | Robert H. Adams (J) | Installed January 6, 1830 |
| Mississippi (2) |
Robert H. Adams(J) | Died July 2, 1830 | George Poindexter (J) | Installed October 15, 1830 |
| Illinois (2) |
John McLean (J) | Died October 14, 1830 | David J. Baker (J) | Installed November 12, 1830 |
| Illinois (2) |
David J. Baker (J) | Successor elected December 11, 1830 | John M. Robinson (J) | Installed December 11, 1830 |
| Indiana (1) |
James Noble (AJ) | Died February 26, 1831 | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |
Total seats with changes: 15
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maine 4th |
Vacant | Peleg Sprague resigned in previous Congress | George Evans (AJ) | Seated July 20, 1829 |
| Pennsylvania 16th |
Vacant | William Wilkins resigned before qualifying | Harmar Denny (AM) | Seated December 15, 1829 |
| Pennsylvania 8th |
George Wolf (J) | Resigned in 1829 before the convening of Congress | Samuel A. Smith (J) | Seated October 13, 1829 |
| Pennsylvania 8th |
Samuel D. Ingham (J) | Resigned in 1829 before the convening of Congress after being appointed Secretary of the Treasury | Peter Ihrie, Jr. (J) | Seated October 13, 1829 |
| Virginia 10th |
William C. Rives (J) | Resigned some time in 1829 | William F. Gordon (J) | Seated January 25, 1830 |
| North Carolina 5th |
Gabriel Holmes (J) | Died September 26, 1829 | Edward B. Dudley (J) | Seated November 10, 1829 |
| New York 20th |
George Fisher (J) | Lost contested election February 5, 1830 to Silas Wright who in turn failed to qualify | Jonah Sanford (J) | Seated November 3, 1830 |
| Virginia 1st |
Thomas Newton, Jr. (AJ) | Lost contested election March 9, 1830 | George Loyall (J) | Seated March 9, 1830 |
| Maine 5th |
James W. Ripley (J) | Resigned March 12, 1830 | Cornelius Holland (J) | Seated December 6, 1830 |
| Ohio 11th |
John M. Goodenow (J) | Resigned April 9, 1830 after being appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio | Humphrey H. Leavitt (J) | Seated December 6, 1830 |
| Virginia 22nd |
Alexander Smyth (J) | Died April 17, 1830 | Joseph Draper (J) | Seated December 6, 1830 |
| New York 6th |
Hector Craig (J) | Resigned July 12, 1830 | Samuel W. Eager (AJ) | Seated November 2, 1830 |
| Virginia 11th |
Philip P. Barbour (J) | Resigned October 15, 1830 after being appointed judge of US Circuit Court of the Eastern District of Virginia | John M. Patton (J) | Seated November 25, 1830 |
| New York 21st |
Robert Monell (J) | Resigned February 21, 1831 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Michigan Territory At-large |
John Biddle | Resigned February 21, 1831 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
From American Memory at the Library of Congress:
Other U.S. government websites:
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